Traces on the Moon
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Traces on the Moon

Presenting official, verifiable evidence of human presence on the Moon from the Apollo missions.

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Official Sources

  • NASA Apollo Program
  • LROC Mission
  • NSSDC Archive
All missions

December 1972

Apollo 17

Final crewed Moon landing mission

Spacecraft: CSM America·LM Challenger

Gene Cernan and the lunar roving vehicle during Apollo 17

Final Apollo lunar landing: extended rover geology in Taurus–Littrow.

NASA

Official source

Key facts

Landing site

Taurus-Littrow

Surface EVA

22 hours, 4 minutes

Samples returned

110.52 kg (243.65 lb)

Flight duration

12 days, 13 hours, 52 minutes

Launch

December 7, 1972

Lunar landing

December 11, 1972

Earth return

December 19, 1972

Terrain

Taurus-Littrow Valley

Crew

Commander
Eugene A. Cernan
Command module pilot
Ronald E. Evans
Lunar module pilot
Harrison H. Schmitt

Landing site

Published coordinates for the landing point in Taurus-Littrow Valley. Open Explore for Site detail imagery tied to this mission, or read how LRO images relate to Apollo and browse orbital evidence entries.

20.18809° N latitude

30.77475° E longitude

View in explorer

Orbital context

LROC imagery of the Apollo 17 landing zone

LRO narrow-angle camera products georeference hardware and surface disturbance at the published coordinates for Taurus-Littrow. Featured-site pages and catalogue links below point to the same releases cited on the Evidence page. All six Apollo sites from orbit lists every crewed zone with LROC featured links in one table.

LROC narrow-angle first-look frame of the Apollo 17 landing region

LROC coverage of the valley floor where Challenger touched down.

NASA / Goddard / Arizona State University (LROC)

Official source

Evidence at this site

What LRO, surface photography, and archives show at Taurus-Littrow

Surface & instruments

LROC image of Apollo 17 lunar module Challenger at the landing site

Orbital resolution of the LM descent stage closes the mission engineering record for Apollo 17.

NASA / Goddard / Arizona State University (LROC)

Official source

LROC imagery of Challenger and tracks

NAC products resolve the descent stage, LRV parking locations, and traverse disturbance in the valley.

Professional field geology documentation

Schmitt’s traverse decisions and sampling rationale are preserved in transcripts, maps, and photography.

Maximum documented sample return

Largest Apollo mass return is traceable through SRC logs and JSC inventory systems.

Selected frames

Apollo 17 lunar roving vehicle on the Moon

LRV operations in the surface archive.

NASA

Gene Cernan on the lunar surface during Apollo 17

Commander at the last Apollo landing site.

NASA

Common questions about evidence for this landing

Factual shortcuts—full citations sit in the sections above and in mission source links.

What do LRO and LROC images show at Taurus-Littrow?
Published Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) narrow-angle products resolve hardware, experiments, and regolith disturbance at the selenographic coordinates on this page. Use the orbital section above and the official LROC / NASA links under “Official sources” for the featured-site and data-product pages for Apollo 17.
Where can I read how this evidence fits the wider Apollo record?
The How we know page summarizes independent lines of proof. The Evidence catalogue groups LRO imagery, hardware, LLR, photo comparisons, and NASA documents with primary links.

Site imagery

Curated in explorer Site Detail

Apollo 17 — Taurus–Littrow. Use the explorer’s Site detail tab for the same rasters, or open the official product pages below.

Site map

Site map — regional NAC (LROC post 157, Taurus–Littrow)

Official LROC Apollo landing sites release (July 2009, post 157): ~1 km-scale narrow-angle frame of the Taurus–Littrow valley landing area.

Official LROC / NASA productFile / catalog page

Evidence close-up

LM Challenger (low-periapsis NAC)

Narrow-angle camera frame from a low-periapsis pass (~150 m field of view) showing the lunar module descent stage.

Official LROC / NASA productFile / catalog page
Open explorer — Site detail

Mission overview

The only mission with a professional geologist on the crew, Apollo 17 explored Taurus–Littrow with three long EVAs, deployed the final ALSEP, and returned the largest documented lunar sample mass of the program.

Key achievements

  • Final crewed lunar landing
  • Longest lunar surface stay
  • Largest lunar sample return

Surface hardware & experiments

  • Lunar Roving Vehicle
  • ALSEP
  • Traverse gravimeter

Timeline highlights

  1. December 7, 1972

    Night launch to Taurus–Littrow

    Final Saturn V lunar mission begins with translunar injection toward the valley landing site.

  2. December 11, 1972

    Valley floor landing

    Challenger lands between the massifs; crew prepares for three EVAs with LRV and traverse gravimeter work.

  3. December 11–14, 1972

    Three EVAs & final ALSEP

    Geology stops document orange soil, boulder fields, and massif slopes; final Apollo surface experiments are left active.

  4. December 19, 1972

    Program closure & recovery

    Last Apollo lunar crew returns to Earth; samples and data enter long-term curation and the open literature.

Official sources

Primary portals and data releases for verifying mission-specific claims. Cross-check themes on the Evidence catalogue and the wider How we know overview when you need category-level context.

  • NASA — Apollo 17 mission summaryhttps://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo17.html
  • LROC — Apollo 17 featured sitehttps://www.lroc.asu.edu/featured_sites/view/apollo_17_visited
  • Apollo Lunar Surface Journal — Apollo 17https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17.html

Previous mission

Apollo 16